Adavantages
Auto-Wait - Built-in smart waits (no need for explicit waits)
Multiple browser contexts - Fast, isolated testing without restarting the browser (without new browser sessions)
Modern Web Support - It supports Single Page Applications.
Built-in Test Runner - Comes with Playwright Test (No need of external runner like TestNG, Junit)
Cross-browser with one API - Chromium, Firefox, WebKit (Safari)
Multiple language bindings - Java Script, Type Script, Python, Java, C#
Parallel test execution - Built in and fast (possible in selenium, but more setup is required)
Visual Comparisions - Supports screen shot testing (Selenium required third party tools)
CI/CD Friendly - CLI tools and trace viewer for debugging (but less built-in tooling for selenium)
Creating new instance of firefox driver
const { firefox } = require('playwright'); // or 'playwright-core'
(async () => {
const browser = await firefox.launch({ headless: false }); // headless: false to see the browser
const context = await browser.newContext();
const page = await context.newPage();
await page.goto('https://example.com');
// Do your testing here...
await browser.close();
})();
Creating new instance of Chrome driver
const { chromium } = require('playwright');
(async () => {
const browser = await chromium.launch({
channel: 'chrome', // <- this specifies actual Chrome instead of Chromium
headless: false // for headed mode
});
Creating new instance of IE driver
System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver", "D:\\....\\IEDriverServer.exe");
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
Command to open URL in browser
driver.get("http://www.---.com");
Clicking on an element
driver.findElement(By.xpath(" ")).click();
Storing text of targeted element in a variable
String var = driver.findElement(By.id("")).getText();
Typing text in text box
driver.findElement(By.name(" ")).sendKeys("mylastname");
Getting the value from text box
driver.findElement(By.name(" ")).getAttribute("value");
Implicit wait
driver.manage().timeouts().implicityWait(Duration.ofSeconds(10));
Explicit wait
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElementLocated(By.xpath(""), "Download complete");
alertIsPresent, elementToBeClickable, elementToBeSelected, visibilityof ElementLocated, presenceOfElementLocated
Fluent wait
Wait<WebDriver> wait = new FluentWait<WebDriver>(driver) .withTImeOut(Duation.ofSeconds(10)) .pollingEvery(Duation.ofSeconds(10)) .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);
Get page title
driver.getTitle();
Get Current Page URL
driver.getCurrentUrl();
Get domain using java script executor
JavaScriptExecutor executor = (JavaScriptExecutor) driver;
String currentURL = (String)executor.executeScript("return document.domain");
Generate alert using java script executor
JavaScriptExecutor executor = (JavaScriptExecutor) driver;
executor.executScript("alert("Test Case Execution is started now..");");
Selecting or Deselecting value from drop down
Select drpdwn = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id(" ")));
drpdwn.(de)selectByVisibleText("Audi");
drpdwn.(de)selectByIndex(1);
drpdwn.(de)selelctByValue("Italy");
Removing all selections from listbox
Select listbox = new Select(driver.findElement(By.xpath(" "))); listbox.deselectAll();
Checking whether a select box is multiselect
boolean value = listbox.isMultiple();
Retrieving all values from dropdown
List<WebElement> options = select.getOptions();
Navigate to backward or forward
driver.navigate().to(" ");
driver.navigate().back();
driver.navigate().forward();
Refresh the page
driver.navigate.refresh()
Verify whether a element present
Boolean isElementPresenet = driver.findElements(By.xpath(" ")).size()!=0;
Capturing screenshot
File screenshot = ((TakesScreenShot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
FileUtils.copyFile(sceenshot, newFile(System.getProperty(user.dir)/ScreenShots);
Generating mouse hover event Actions
actions = new Actions(driver);
WebElement menu = driver.findElement(By.xpath(" "));
actions.moveToElement(menu).build().perform();
Handling multiple windows file
String pWindow = (String)AllWindows.toArray()[0];
String cWindow = (String)AllWindows.toArray()[1];
driver.swithTo().window(cWindow);
String parent=driver.getWindowHandle(); // to get the parent window name
// Now iterate using Iterator
Iterator<String> I1= allWindows.iterator();
while(I1.hasNext())
{
String child_window=I1.next();
if(!parent.equals(child_window))
{
driver.switchTo().window(child_window);
System.out.println(driver.switchTo().window(child_window).getTitle());
driver.close();
}
}Check whether an element is enabled or disabled
Assertions with TestNG framework
Assert.assertEquals(actual, expected) - to assert actual and expected values are equal
Assert.assertNotEquals(actual, expected) - to assert not equal values
Assert.assertTrue(condition) - works for boolean value true assertion
Assert.assertFalse(condition) - works for boolean value false assertion
Submitting a form
driver.findElement(By.xpath(" ")).submit();
Handling alerts String
myalert = driver.switchTo().alert().getText();
driver.switchTo().alert().accpet();
driver.switchTo().alert().dismiss();
driver.switchTo().alert().sendKeys(" ");
Handling drag and drop
Actions ac = new Actions();
ac.dragAndDrop(driver.findElement(By.id("draggable"), driver.findElement(By.id("droppable")))).
build.perform();
Handling the frames
driver.switchTo().frame("frameid/name/index"); //to enter the frame driver.switchTo().defaultContent(); //to exit the frame
Calendar popups
driver.findElement(By.id("calendar_icon 1")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='CalendarControl']/table/tbody[tr[td[text()='Octoer 2012']]]] /descendant::a[text()='5'])).click();
Context click (Right Click)
WebElement parentMenu = driver.findElement(By.linkText("Srinivas"));
Actions act = new Actions(driver);
act.contextClick(parentMenu).build().perform();
act.sendKeys(Keys.ARROW_DOWN).build().perform();
Thread.sleep(1000);
act.sendKeys(Keys.ENTER).build().perform();
Auto IT
WinWaitActivate("Authentication Required")
Send("admin") Send("{TAB} admin {TAB} {ENTER}")
Save the file as 'Authentication.exe'
Calling .exe file in selenium
Process P = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("D:\\....\\Authentication.exe");
File Download using RobotClass
Robot robot = new Robot();
robot.KeyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
robot.KeyPress(KeyEvent.VK_S);
robot.KeyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ALT);
robot.KeyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_S);
Thread.sleep(2000);
robot.KeyPress(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
robot.KeyRelease(KeyEvent.VK_ENTER);
Thread.sleep(2000);
File upload using webDriver
WebElement fileInput = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='file'][@name='photfile']")); fileInput.sendKeys("D:\\.....\\Desert.jpg"); Thread.sleep(2000);
Scrolling
Actions ac = new Actions(driver); ac.KeyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(Keys.HOME).build().perform(); ac.KeyDown(Keys.CONTROL).sendKeys(Keys.END).build().perform(); (OR) WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("scroll bar locator")); ac.moveToElement(element).clickANDHold().moveByOffset(x,y).release().perform();
Fluent Wait
FluentWait <WebDriver> wait = new FluentWait<WebDriver>(driver) .withTImeOut(30,SECONDS); .pollingEvery(5,SECONDS); .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class)
Sample X paths
//input[contains[@name,'Name')]
//input[starts_with(@name, txt')]
//input[@name = 'txtUserName']
//table[@id = 'Table_o1']/tbody/tr/td[2]/input //a[contains(text(), "RRR")]
//h1[normalize-space(text()) = 'Dashboard']
Clicking on web element WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("id of webelement")); JavaScriptExecutor js = (JavaScriptExecutor) driver; js.executeScript("arguments[0].click();", element);
Typing in text box js.execteScript("document.getElementById('id of the eleement').value='test data';"); Scrolling down js.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView(true);", element);
Scroll to an element
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript(
"arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", element);
Scroll to bottom of the page
((JavascriptExecutor) driver)
.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)");
Scroll to coordinates
((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("window.scrollBy(0,500)");
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